Shopping centres: Difference between revisions

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== Problems connected to commercialization – urban, environmental and social aspects<br>  ==
== Problems connected to commercialization – urban, environmental and social aspects<br>  ==


<br>1. The question of population decline in the city centre emerges as more and more buildings are loosing their residential function and used for office or retail areas instead. <br>2. As a result, people move out of the centre but commute there to work or for shopping, which causes traffic congestions. Suppliers contribute as well.&nbsp;[[Image:Traffic consequences.jpg]]
<br>1. The question of population decline in the city centre emerges as more and more buildings are loosing their residential function and used for office or retail areas instead. <br>2. As a result, people move out of the centre but commute there to work or for shopping, which causes traffic congestions. Suppliers contribute as well.&nbsp;  
 
{| width="300" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | trafic increase<br>
! scope="col" | number of retail units<br>
! scope="col" | rate<br>
|-
| &lt; 5%<br>
| 66<br>
| 26,50 %<br>
|-
| 5,00-9,99%<br>
| 67<br>
| 26,90 %<br>
|-
| 10-19,99 %<br>
| 65<br>
| 26,10 %<br>
|-
| 20-29.99 %<br>
| 28<br>
| 11,20 %<br>
|-
| &gt; 30%<br>
| 23<br>
| 9,20 %<br>
|-
| total<br>
| 249<br>
| 100 %<br>
|-
| average<br>
| <br>
| 11 %<br>
|}


Fig.3: The impact of retail construction on traffic, NESEHNUTÍ <ref>http://nesehnuti.cz/publikace/vyzkum_2003-2009.pdf</ref><br>  
Fig.3: The impact of retail construction on traffic, NESEHNUTÍ <ref>http://nesehnuti.cz/publikace/vyzkum_2003-2009.pdf</ref><br>  
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[[Image:Land balance.jpg|419x285px|Land balance.jpg]]  
[[Image:Land balance.jpg|419x285px|Land balance.jpg]]  


Fig.2: The development of different types of land, ENVIS<ref>ENVIS, 2007: http://envis.praha-mesto.cz/%28cvvouk454exf1gmszo5zjmia%29/zdroj.aspx?typ=2&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Id=79433&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;sh=-1015397439</ref>  
Fig.2: The development of different types of land, ENVIS<ref>ENVIS, 2007: http://envis.praha-mesto.cz/%28cvvouk454exf1gmszo5zjmia%29/zdroj.aspx?typ=2&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Id=79433&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;sh=-1015397439</ref>  


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== Conflict<br>  ==
== Conflict<br>  ==


<br>Citizen NGOs were probably the first to start complaining about retail construction as it has affected the direct surrounding of their homes. A good example is an NGO called Healthy Life founded in 1998 in Prague 10 in order to protest against the construction of SC EDEN, located close to the Slavia football pitch. As their website<ref>http://nno.ecn.cz/index.stm?apc=nP2z1-161309&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;nocache=invalidate&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;sh_itm=d8f9c3fa1af9670e34fc21399469e5e6&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;add_disc=1&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;parent_id=2d04b53480894ea9832979b7bfb6972f</ref> claims, this SC was built despite the lack of necessary approvals. This NGO and other bodies appealed against the Prague 10 Council´s permission of the construction and even though the Supreme Court decided that the decision-making process had been wrong and must start again (and so the building permit is invalid), the investors started cutting trees and building engineering network. Later on there was not enough power on the side of opponents to stop the construction. <br>The most important arguments of Healthy Life were that the park, which lay on the allotment was the only green land in a wide area and that the construction of a SC would increase traffic and worsen air-pollution. <br> [[Image:Eden 1.jpg]][[Image:Eden 2.jpg|170x127px|Eden 2.jpg]]  
<br>Citizen NGOs were probably the first to start complaining about retail construction as it has affected the direct surrounding of their homes. A good example is an NGO called Healthy Life founded in 1998 in Prague 10 in order to protest against the construction of SC EDEN, located close to the Slavia football pitch. As their website<ref>http://nno.ecn.cz/index.stm?apc=nP2z1-161309&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;nocache=invalidate&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;sh_itm=d8f9c3fa1af9670e34fc21399469e5e6&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;add_disc=1&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;parent_id=2d04b53480894ea9832979b7bfb6972f</ref> claims, this SC was built despite the lack of necessary approvals. This NGO and other bodies appealed against the Prague 10 Council´s permission of the construction and even though the Supreme Court decided that the decision-making process had been wrong and must start again (and so the building permit is invalid), the investors started cutting trees and building engineering network. Later on there was not enough power on the side of opponents to stop the construction. <br>The most important arguments of Healthy Life were that the park, which lay on the allotment was the only green land in a wide area and that the construction of a SC would increase traffic and worsen air-pollution. <br> [[Image:Eden 1.jpg]][[Image:Eden 2.jpg|170x127px|Eden 2.jpg]]  


Pictures: Shopping centre EDEN (http://nno.ecn.cz/, www.nceden.cz/cz)<br>  
Pictures: Shopping centre EDEN (http://nno.ecn.cz/, www.nceden.cz/cz)<br>  

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