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== What is a case study? ==
__NOTOC__
Case study represents PRACTICAL contribution to the theme based on experience more than readings.
== What is a case study? ==                              
A detailed examination of a single particular issue, a case study represents a PRACTICAL contribution to the theme based on experience from more than readings. It is:


"...'''complex example''' which gives an insight into the context of a problem as well as illustrating the main point." (Fry et al, 1999)
"...'''a complex example''' which provides insight into the context of a problem as well as illustrating the main point."<ref>Fry H, Ketteridge S and Marshall S (1999) A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Kogan Page, Glasgow, pp408</ref>


"...are based on topics that '''demonstrate''' theoretical '''concepts in an applied setting'''." (Davis & Wilcock, 2003)  
"...based on topics that '''demonstrate''' theoretical '''concepts in an applied setting'''."<ref>Davis, C. & Wilcock, E. (2003) Teaching Materials Using Case Studies. The UK Centre for Materials Education. Available from http://www.materials.ac.uk/guides/casestudies.asp </ref>


investigation of it is driven by interest in '''indivudual''' cases, not by the methods of inquiry, as it "...focuses on a '''single''' actor, single enterprise etc. usually under natural conditions so that to understand it (bounded system in its natural habitat)" (Dillon & Reid, 2004).
...investigation of a case study is driven by an interest in '''indivudual''' cases, not by the methods of inquiry, as it "...focuses on a '''single''' actor, single enterprise, etc., usually under natural conditions so as to understand it (a bounded system in its natural habitat)"<ref name = "multiple"a>Dillon, J., & Reid, A. (2004). Issues in case-study methodology in investigating environmental and sustainability issues in higher education: towards a problem-based approach? Environmental Education Research, 10(1), 23–37.</ref>
...case studies allow an investigation into what works and what does not <ref name = "Corcoran"> Corcoran, P. B., Walker, K. E., & Wals, A. E. (2004). Case studies, make-your-case studies, and case stories: a critique of case-study methodology in sustainability in higher education. Environmental Education Research, 10(1), 7–21.</ref> 
But it should gather evidence so that it is accessible for subsequent critical assessment (a case study is sometimes conceptualized as a '''form of research''' or its preliminary stage)!


case studies allow to investigate what works and what does not (Corcoran et al., 2002)
[[File:Dbu logo en.jpg|300 px|right]]


But it should gather evidence so that it is accessible for subsequent critical assessment (case study is sometimes conceptualized as a '''form of research''')!
==Types of case studies<ref name = "multiple"a/>==                              
==Types of case studies (Dillon & Reid, 2004)==
* '''Intrinsic''' – a case study undertaken by an individual who wants to better understand a particular case - the case does not represent other cases (driven by interest in particular)
* ´´´Intrinsic´´´ – case study undertaken by an individual who wants to better understand particular case (does not represent other cases)
* '''Instrumental''' – provides insight into an issue to better understand its principles (driven by interest in theory)
* ´´´Instrumental´´´ – provides insight into an issue, deepens understanding about underlying principles
* '''Collective''' – a number of cases studied jointly to inquire into some issue, helps theorizing about a larger collection of cases – the basis for naturalistic generalization <ref name = "multiple"a/>         
* ´´´Collective´´´ – number of cases studied jointly to inquire into some issue, helps theorizing about larger collection of cases – naturalistic generalization
* but some of the case studies may present special activities or endeavors with innovative potential so that they can not be subsumed under some existing conceptual framework!
* but some of the case studies present extraordinary activities or endeavors with innovative potential so that they could not be subsumed under some existing conceptual framework
* on the other hand, it is suspected that they may also to be used as a corruptive agent – providing non-reproducible data or information that might demonstrate non-existing qualities - see [[criticism of the case study method]] with regard to its validity and reliability.
* on the other hand, they also might be used as corruptive agent – providing non-reproducible data or information might demonstrate non-existing qualities
 
== Writing a case study ==
== Writing a case study <ref name = "Corcoran"/> ==
In order to write a good case study, you should:
In order to write a good case study, you should:                              
* choose a local issue with global dimension and describe it
* choose a local issue with a global dimension and describe it
* try to express the nature of the case
* try to express the nature of the case                              
* find out information about its historical background
* find out information about its historical background
* illustrate the physical setting
* illustrate the physical setting                              
* express its context (cultural, legal, economic, political, aesthetic, as appropriate)
* describe the context (cultural, legal, economic, political, aesthetic, as appropriate)
* find about other cases through which the case could be recognized
* find out about other cases through which the case could be recognized


===Remember (Corcoran et al, 2002)===
The [[writing manual|writing process]] is similar to any other academic discourse - please follow the [[Blank page|instructions]].                          
* there should be a clear purpose of the case study and the study should address it
* it is important that all of the actors that represent potentially diverging interests are involved in the case study and their role is explained
* it should be explained how the case study could be useful for the situations outside its context, because... 
* ...your case study will be included as a Case Study in students´ part of the [[Globalisation 2010/2011 Case Studies]] and serve the next generation of students
* you might explore resources and links that we have provided you - case writing is not pure description of the situation. In order that somebody could learn from it, you have to observe some basic principles.


===Use of case studies (Corcoran et al, 2002)===
===Remember ===
* instrumental – lead to prescriptive guidelines, criteria and norms
* there should be a clear purpose to the case study and the study should address it - case study writing is not simply a description of the situation
* it is important that all of the actors that represent all potentially diverging interests are involved in the case study and their role is explained
* it should be explained how the case study could be useful for situations outside its context because...                             
* ...your case study will be displayed as an "example of your work" in the [[2010/2011 student case studies]] and serve as a model for the next intake of students.
 
===Use of case studies ===
* instrumental – lead to prescriptive guidelines, criteria and norms                              
* emancipatory – provide ideas, suggestions and imagery that sensitize outsiders (process oriented use)
* emancipatory – provide ideas, suggestions and imagery that sensitize outsiders (process oriented use)


== Literature used ==
If you want to learn more, you might explore the resources and links we have provided you with.
* Davis, C. & Wilcock, E. (2003) Teaching Materials Using Case Studies. The UK Centre for Materials Education. Available from http://www.materials.ac.uk/guides/casestudies.asp 
 
* Dillon, J., & Reid, A. (2004). Issues in case-study methodology in investigating environmental and sustainability issues in higher education: towards a problem-based approach? Environmental Education Research, 10(1), 23–37.
== Example ==
* Fry H, Ketteridge S and Marshall S (1999) A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Kogan Page, Glasgow, pp408
[[New Zealand 2010: Mining in Schedule 4 Conflict]] (a case study from spring 2010) -  the text is available in the history of the page showing the different stages of the writing process and a summary of the revision is also provided.
 
== Case study assessment ==
Case studies are written with particular (specific) goals: to demonstrate some feature of a concrete example and to make the experience transferable to different contexts. A good case study fulfills the goals for which it has been written.
*Assessment by teachers: general criteria see in the [[Rubric for assessment of the text]].
*Assessment in the [[Peer review|peer review process]] - similar criteria used by students are included in the [[Peer review form for case studies|peer review form]].


== Other resources==
== References ==
* '''Active Learning – Case-Based Learning''': [http://cte.umdnj.edu/active_learning/active_case.cfm http://cte.umdnj.edu/active_learning/active_case.cfm] 
<references />
* [http://www.schreyerinstitute.psu.edu/pdf/CaseWritingGuide.pdf Case WritingGuide]. ''Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence''. Outlines a step-by-stepprocess and provides in-depth guidance on how to organize and presentinformation in the case format.
 
* The Case Method of Teaching Science [http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/teaching/teaching.html http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/teaching/teaching.html]
=== Other resources (some are for teachers and some are for students :-))===
* Teaching Materials Using Case Studies [http://www.materials.ac.uk/guides/casestudies.asp http://www.materials.ac.uk/guides/casestudies.asp]  
* [http://www.schreyerinstitute.psu.edu/pdf/CaseWritingGuide.pdf Case Writing Guide]. ''Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence''. Outlines a step-by-step process and provides in-depth guidance on how to organize and present information in a case study format.
* [http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/ Writing Guide:Case Studies]. ''Colorado State University''. Excellent and very detailed explanations of case studies and how to write them. For '''students!!'''
* [http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/quickrefs/27-case-study.xml An Approach to Case Study Writing]. ''Monash University, Australia''. This Australian university resource also provides a huge range of other advice on how develop your skills to make the most of your university education. For '''students!!'''
* '''Active Learning – Case-Based Learning''': [http://cte.umdnj.edu/active_learning/active_case.cfm http://cte.umdnj.edu/active_learning/active_case.cfm]                             
* The Case Method of Teaching Science [http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/teaching/teaching.html http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/teaching/teaching.html]                              
* Teaching Materials Using Case Studies [http://www.materials.ac.uk/guides/casestudies.asp http://www.materials.ac.uk/guides/casestudies.asp]                              
* Teaching Strategies: Case-based Teaching [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/tscbt.html http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/tscbt.html]
* Teaching Strategies: Case-based Teaching [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/tscbt.html http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/tscbt.html]
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