Sustainable tourism in Šumava national park: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Sustainable tourism in Šumava national park (view source)

Revision as of 20:32, 29 August 2017

456 bytes added ,  20:32, 29 August 2017
no edit summary
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(7 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
|záhlaví      = Šumava Biosphere Reserve
|záhlaví      = Šumava Biosphere Reserve
|styl záhlaví = background: #80B0E0; padding: 5px 2
|styl záhlaví = background: #80B0E0; padding: 5px 2
|styl nadpisů = background: #88B0E0;  
|styl nadpisů = background: #80B0E0;  
|styl těla    = float: right; border: 1 px solid #aaa
|styl těla    = float: right; border: 3 px solid #aaa
|obrázek      = [[File:Borová Lada, Chalupská slať, jezírko.JPG|250px]]
|obrázek      = [[File:Borová Lada, Chalupská slať, jezírko.JPG|250px]]
|popisek      = Šumava - Chalupská slať
|popisek      = Šumava - Chalupská slať
Line 45: Line 45:
|data18 = Černé, Čertovo
|data18 = Černé, Čertovo
}}
}}
==Introduction==


The Šumava, which is the Czech name for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Forest Bohemian Forest], is currently the largest natural wilderness area in the central European cultural landscape. Since the half of the 20th century the most valuable parts of the Bohemian Forest were recognized by nature conservationists as national parks (NP) – there was declared the first German NP already in 1970 (the Bavarian Forest National Park) which was largely extended in 1997 (present area of 24,218 ha). The neighbouring Šumava Protected Landscape Area (PLA) was declared on the Czech side in 1963 (total area of 167,688 ha), and on its territory the Šumava National Park was established in 1991 (68,064 ha). This step has gradually caused series of conflicts between nature protectionists with (not only) local inhabitants and enterprises and this situation appeared to have no solution over more than two decades (Křenová, Vrba, 2014).
The Šumava, which is the Czech name for the [[wikipedia:en:Bohemian Forest|Bohemian Forest]], is currently the largest natural wilderness area in the central European cultural landscape. Since the half of the 20th century the most valuable parts of the Bohemian Forest were recognized by nature conservationists as national parks (NP) – there was declared the first German NP already in 1970 (the [[wikipedia:en:Bavarian Forest National Park|Bavarian Forest National Park]]) which was largely extended in 1997 (present area of 24,218 ha). The neighbouring Šumava Protected Landscape Area (PLA) was declared on the Czech side in 1963 (total area of 167,688 ha), and on its territory the [[wikipedia:en:Šumava National Park|Šumava National Park]] was established in 1991 (68,064 ha). This step has gradually caused series of conflicts between nature protectionists with (not only) local inhabitants and enterprises and this situation appeared to have no solution over more than two decades (Křenová, Vrba, 2014).


==History of the population of the area==
==History of the population of the area==
Line 53: Line 52:


== Conflicts ==
== Conflicts ==
General problems of the region ([http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm#NP_SUMAVA_ANAL GEO Group, 2002)] are source of conflicts.
General problems of the region are source of conflicts.([http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm#NP_SUMAVA GEO Group, 2002]).


Currently there are ongoing discussions about an appropriate management of the forests, i.e. ‘non-intervention’ management versus ‘necessary’ bark-beetle combat.  Šumava National Park has been established by the Czech Government Regulation No. 163/1991 of March 20, 1991.  Its Article 4 outlines zonation into 3 zones according to the natural values and hence differentiated management of the protected phenomena. In the Zone 1 are strictly natural areas where human intervention is limited; area belonging under this Zone has been subject of discussions (significantly reduced in 1995; after critique of the IUCN extension was proposed by the Šumava NP Authority which was not officially approved). As the bark beetle infestation appeared in this Zone, these discussions eventually developed into the battle between nature protection oriented NGOs and representatives of municipalities who insisted on cutting down the affected trees.
Currently there are ongoing discussions about an appropriate management of the forests, i.e. ‘non-intervention’ management versus ‘necessary’ bark-beetle combat.  Šumava National Park has been established by the Czech Government Regulation No. 163/1991 of March 20, 1991.  Its Article 4 outlines zonation into 3 zones according to the natural values and hence differentiated management of the protected phenomena. In the Zone 1 are strictly natural areas where human intervention is limited; area belonging under this Zone has been subject of discussions (significantly reduced in 1995; after critique of the IUCN extension was proposed by the Šumava NP Authority which was not officially approved). As the bark beetle infestation appeared in this Zone, these discussions eventually developed into the battle between nature protection oriented NGOs and representatives of municipalities who insisted on cutting down the affected trees.


In the period 1998 – 2001 the most strictly protected Zone 1 of the Šumava national park was logged in by the relevant authority (decision was accompanied by democratic process of decision-making) – the reason was to control bark beetle infestation, but finally the situation was opposite, the infestation increased. In 1998 the Park Authority requested exemption from the legal protection regime which was approved by the Ministry of Environment in spite of numerous protests by NGOs (annual administrative appeals to the Ministry have failed, as well as appeal to the High Court, Constitutional Court and National Environmental Monitoring Agency) ([http://www.zelenykruh.cz/dokumenty/sbornik-limity-soudni-ochrany-web.pdf Humlíčková, 2008]), see also other resources ([http://crowdvoice.org/protests-to-protect-national-park-in-czech-republic?all=true here Crowdvoice], etc.).
In the period 1998–2001 the most strictly protected Zone 1 of the Šumava national park was logged in by the relevant authority (decision was accompanied by democratic process of decision-making) – the reason was to control [[wikipedia:en:Bark beetle|bark beetle]] infestation, but finally the situation was opposite, the infestation increased. In 1998 the Park Authority requested exemption from the legal protection regime which was approved by the Ministry of Environment in spite of numerous protests by NGOs (annual administrative appeals to the Ministry have failed, as well as appeal to the High Court, Constitutional Court and National Environmental Monitoring Agency) ([http://www.zelenykruh.cz/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sbornik-limity-soudni-ochrany_web.pdf Humlíčková, 2008]), see also other resources ([http://crowdvoice.org/protests-to-protect-national-park-in-czech-republic?all=true here Crowdvoice], etc.).


== Actors ==
== Actors ==
Line 105: Line 104:
== Sustainable tourism indicators in the region ==
== Sustainable tourism indicators in the region ==


In contrast to the indicators usually ([http://www.npsumava.cz/gallery/21/6430-sg_18_1_gornercihar.pdf Görner, Čihař, 2012]), qualitative indicators based on criteria of sustainable tourism (see ([http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007])) were developed through the participatory processess.These indocators specifically concentrate on the needs and specifics of the region and its inhabitants.
In contrast to the quantitative indicators usually used ([http://www.npsumava.cz/gallery/21/6430-sg_18_1_gornercihar.pdf Görner, Čihař, 2012]), qualitative aproach based on criteria of sustainable tourism, as in ([http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007]) was applied by the Iceland & Czech research team within the EEA project (methodological overview presented [[Sustainable tourism indicators in the region|here]]). Thus, participatory processess were initiated to take into account stakeholders' views and interests, and indicators developed that specifically reflect the needs and specifics of the region and its inhabitants.


==Resources==
==Resources==
Line 111: Line 110:
*Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007. Criteria for Sustainable Tourism for the three Biosphere Reserves Aggtelek, Babia Góra and Šumava Online http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf  
*Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007. Criteria for Sustainable Tourism for the three Biosphere Reserves Aggtelek, Babia Góra and Šumava Online http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf  
*GEO Group (2002). Reference area NP ŠUMAVA (CZ/G). Online http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm   
*GEO Group (2002). Reference area NP ŠUMAVA (CZ/G). Online http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm   
*Humlíčková, P. (2008) Jaké jsou limity soudní ochrany v Čechách? Sborník mezinárodní konference, Zelený kruh, Praha. ISBN: 978-80-903968-2-1, str. 4-5. Online http://www.zelenykruh.cz/dokumenty/sbornik-limity-soudni-ochrany-web.pdf
*Humlíčková, P. (2008) Jaké jsou limity soudní ochrany v Čechách? Sborník mezinárodní konference, Zelený kruh, Praha. ISBN: 978-80-903968-2-1, str. 4-5. Online http://www.zelenykruh.cz/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sbornik-limity-soudni-ochrany_web.pdf
*Information server ŠumavaNet.CZ Microregion Šumava West. Online available from http://www.sumavanet.cz/mszapad/turistika.asp?lng=en
*Information server ŠumavaNet.CZ Microregion Šumava West. Online available from http://www.sumavanet.cz/mszapad/turistika.asp?lng=en
*Johnstone, Ch. (2014). Radio Praha, Broadcast in English. Wilderness trumps insensitive development of Šumava says study. Online http://www.radio.cz/en/section/marketplace/wilderness-trumps-insensitive-development-of-sumava-says-study  
*Johnstone, Ch. (2014). Radio Praha, Broadcast in English. Wilderness trumps insensitive development of Šumava says study. Online http://www.radio.cz/en/section/marketplace/wilderness-trumps-insensitive-development-of-sumava-says-study  
Line 125: Line 124:


== References ==
== References ==
 
<references />
*Bartoš M., Kušová D., Těšitel J. 1998. Integrated endogenous regional development concept and the role of Šumava National Park. Silva Gabreta 2: 385–394.
*Bartoš M., Kušová D., Těšitel J. 1998. Integrated endogenous regional development concept and the role of Šumava National Park. Silva Gabreta 2: 385–394.
*Čihař M. 1996. Rekreačně-turistická exploatace centrální části Národního parku Šumava. Silva Gabreta 1: 271–280.
*Čihař M. 1996. Rekreačně-turistická exploatace centrální části Národního parku Šumava. Silva Gabreta 1: 271–280.
Line 146: Line 145:
*Zemek F., Heřman M. 1996. Remote sensing and GIS in the Šumava region research and management. Silva Gabreta 1: 281–284.
*Zemek F., Heřman M. 1996. Remote sensing and GIS in the Šumava region research and management. Silva Gabreta 1: 281–284.
*Zemek F., Heřman M. 1998. Landscape pattern changes in the Šumava Region – a GIS approach. Silva Gabreta 2: 395–410.
*Zemek F., Heřman M. 1998. Landscape pattern changes in the Šumava Region – a GIS approach. Silva Gabreta 2: 395–410.
{{Iceland}}
[[Category:Sustainable tourism in Šumava national park]]
[[Category:Case studies]]
Retrieved from "https://vcsewiki.czp.cuni.cz/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/4594...4891"

Navigation menu