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Sustainable tourism in Šumava national park: Difference between revisions
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Sustainable tourism in Šumava national park (view source)
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|styl záhlaví = background: #80B0E0; padding: 5px 2 | |styl záhlaví = background: #80B0E0; padding: 5px 2 | ||
|styl nadpisů = background: #80B0E0; | |styl nadpisů = background: #80B0E0; | ||
|styl těla = float: right; border: | |styl těla = float: right; border: 3 px solid #aaa | ||
|obrázek = Borová Lada, Chalupská slať, jezírko.JPG | |obrázek = [[File:Borová Lada, Chalupská slať, jezírko.JPG|250px]] | ||
|popisek = Šumava - Chalupská slať | |popisek = Šumava - Chalupská slať | ||
|nadpis1 = Overview | |nadpis1 = Overview | ||
|popis2 = | |popis2 = | ||
|data2 = | |data2 = Basic data: | ||
*1670 km is the area of the biosphere reserve itself (BR), another 800 km are made up of the cadastres of the villages outside the BR which are directly linked to it | *1670 km is the area of the biosphere reserve itself (BR), another 800 km are made up of the cadastres of the villages outside the BR which are directly linked to it | ||
*30 | *30 000 inhabitants live in the BR and on its border | ||
*40 | *40 000 inhabitants live outside the BR in close contact with its territory | ||
*70 | *70 000 inhabitants live in 55 villages and the military training area of Boletice within the wider area of the BR covering 2 450 km | ||
*18 inhabitants / km is an average population density inside the BR | *18 inhabitants/km is an average population density inside the BR | ||
*50 inhabitants / km is an average population density in the area adjoining the BR from outside | *50 inhabitants/km is an average population density in the area adjoining the BR from outside | ||
*28 inhabitants/ km is an average population density in the wider area of the BR as a whole | *28 inhabitants/km is an average population density in the wider area of the BR as a whole | ||
|nadpis3 = Basic Information | |nadpis3 = Basic Information | ||
|popis4 = Šumava NP | |popis4 = Šumava NP | ||
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|popis15 = Lowest point | |popis15 = Lowest point | ||
|data15 = The valley of the Otava River near Rejštejn, 570 m | |data15 = The valley of the Otava River near Rejštejn, 570 m | ||
|nadpis16 = Lakes | |||
|popis17 = Lakes in NP | |||
|data17 = Plešné, Laka, Prášilské | |||
|popis18 = Lakes in PLA | |||
|data18 = Černé, Čertovo | |||
}} | }} | ||
The Šumava, which is the Czech name for the [ | The Šumava, which is the Czech name for the [[wikipedia:en:Bohemian Forest|Bohemian Forest]], is currently the largest natural wilderness area in the central European cultural landscape. Since the half of the 20th century the most valuable parts of the Bohemian Forest were recognized by nature conservationists as national parks (NP) – there was declared the first German NP already in 1970 (the [[wikipedia:en:Bavarian Forest National Park|Bavarian Forest National Park]]) which was largely extended in 1997 (present area of 24,218 ha). The neighbouring Šumava Protected Landscape Area (PLA) was declared on the Czech side in 1963 (total area of 167,688 ha), and on its territory the [[wikipedia:en:Šumava National Park|Šumava National Park]] was established in 1991 (68,064 ha). This step has gradually caused series of conflicts between nature protectionists with (not only) local inhabitants and enterprises and this situation appeared to have no solution over more than two decades (Křenová, Vrba, 2014). | ||
==History of the population of the area== | ==History of the population of the area== | ||
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== Conflicts == | == Conflicts == | ||
General problems of the region ([http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm# | General problems of the region are source of conflicts.([http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm#NP_SUMAVA GEO Group, 2002]). | ||
Currently there are ongoing discussions about an appropriate management of the forests, i.e. ‘non-intervention’ management versus ‘necessary’ bark-beetle combat. Šumava National Park has been established by the Czech Government Regulation No. 163/1991 of March 20, 1991. Its Article 4 outlines zonation into 3 zones according to the natural values and hence differentiated management of the protected phenomena. In the Zone 1 are strictly natural areas where human intervention is limited; area belonging under this Zone has been subject of discussions (significantly reduced in 1995; after critique of the IUCN extension was proposed by the Šumava NP Authority which was not officially approved). As the bark beetle infestation appeared in this Zone, these discussions eventually developed into the battle between nature protection oriented NGOs and representatives of municipalities who insisted on cutting down the affected trees. | Currently there are ongoing discussions about an appropriate management of the forests, i.e. ‘non-intervention’ management versus ‘necessary’ bark-beetle combat. Šumava National Park has been established by the Czech Government Regulation No. 163/1991 of March 20, 1991. Its Article 4 outlines zonation into 3 zones according to the natural values and hence differentiated management of the protected phenomena. In the Zone 1 are strictly natural areas where human intervention is limited; area belonging under this Zone has been subject of discussions (significantly reduced in 1995; after critique of the IUCN extension was proposed by the Šumava NP Authority which was not officially approved). As the bark beetle infestation appeared in this Zone, these discussions eventually developed into the battle between nature protection oriented NGOs and representatives of municipalities who insisted on cutting down the affected trees. | ||
In the period | In the period 1998–2001 the most strictly protected Zone 1 of the Šumava national park was logged in by the relevant authority (decision was accompanied by democratic process of decision-making) – the reason was to control [[wikipedia:en:Bark beetle|bark beetle]] infestation, but finally the situation was opposite, the infestation increased. In 1998 the Park Authority requested exemption from the legal protection regime which was approved by the Ministry of Environment in spite of numerous protests by NGOs (annual administrative appeals to the Ministry have failed, as well as appeal to the High Court, Constitutional Court and National Environmental Monitoring Agency) ([http://www.zelenykruh.cz/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sbornik-limity-soudni-ochrany_web.pdf Humlíčková, 2008]), see also other resources ([http://crowdvoice.org/protests-to-protect-national-park-in-czech-republic?all=true here Crowdvoice], etc.). | ||
== Actors == | == Actors == | ||
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Tourism opportunities have been mapped ([http://www.sumavanet.cz/mszapad/turistika.asp?lng=en Information server ŠumavaNet.CZ]) and exposed to the criteria for sustainable tourism ([http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007]). In spite of these endeavours, PLA management failed to develop opportunities for ecotourism ([http://www.radio.cz/en/section/marketplace/wilderness-trumps-insensitive-development-of-sumava-says-study Johnstone, 2014]). | Tourism opportunities have been mapped ([http://www.sumavanet.cz/mszapad/turistika.asp?lng=en Information server ŠumavaNet.CZ]) and exposed to the criteria for sustainable tourism ([http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007]). In spite of these endeavours, PLA management failed to develop opportunities for ecotourism ([http://www.radio.cz/en/section/marketplace/wilderness-trumps-insensitive-development-of-sumava-says-study Johnstone, 2014]). | ||
{{Infobox | |||
|záhlaví = Village Prášily | |||
|styl záhlaví = background: #80B0E0; padding: 5px 2 | |||
|styl nadpisů = background: #88B0E0; | |||
|styl těla = float: right; border: 1 px solid #aaa | |||
|obrázek = [[File:Prášily, vjezd od Srní.JPG|250px]] | |||
|popisek = Vjezd do obce Prášily | |||
|nadpis1 = Overview | |||
|popis2 = Altitude | |||
|data2 = 880 m | |||
|popis3 = Origins | |||
|data3 =1749, 1992 (formerly Military Area Dobrá Voda) | |||
|popis4 = Number of inhabitants | |||
|data4 = 148 | |||
|popis5 = Administration area | |||
|data5 = 11 000 ha | |||
|popis6 = Settlements falling into the administrative area | |||
|data6 = Prášily, Nová Hůrka | |||
}} | |||
==Village Prášily== | ==Village Prášily== | ||
The Šumava National Park created in 1991 includes the central part of the mountain range along the border with Germany, and partly also with Austria. The area includes seven villages (Srní, Kvilda, Horská Kvilda, Modrava, Stožec, České Žleby and Prášily), as well as several smaller settlements (Filipova Huť, Dobrá, Jelení). ([http://www.vimperk.cz/147/en/normal/the-sumava-national-park/#.V-qEI_mLSHt Tourist information system]) | The Šumava National Park created in 1991 includes the central part of the mountain range along the border with Germany, and partly also with Austria. The area includes seven villages (Srní, Kvilda, Horská Kvilda, Modrava, Stožec, České Žleby and Prášily), as well as several smaller settlements (Filipova Huť, Dobrá, Jelení). ([http://www.vimperk.cz/147/en/normal/the-sumava-national-park/#.V-qEI_mLSHt Tourist information system]) | ||
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== Sustainable tourism indicators in the region == | == Sustainable tourism indicators in the region == | ||
In contrast to the indicators usually ([http://www.npsumava.cz/gallery/21/6430-sg_18_1_gornercihar.pdf Görner, Čihař, 2012]), qualitative | In contrast to the quantitative indicators usually used ([http://www.npsumava.cz/gallery/21/6430-sg_18_1_gornercihar.pdf Görner, Čihař, 2012]), qualitative aproach based on criteria of sustainable tourism, as in ([http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007]) was applied by the Iceland & Czech research team within the EEA project (methodological overview presented [[Sustainable tourism indicators in the region|here]]). Thus, participatory processess were initiated to take into account stakeholders' views and interests, and indicators developed that specifically reflect the needs and specifics of the region and its inhabitants. | ||
==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
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*Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007. Criteria for Sustainable Tourism for the three Biosphere Reserves Aggtelek, Babia Góra and Šumava Online http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf | *Ecological Tourism in Europe and UNESCO MaB, 2007. Criteria for Sustainable Tourism for the three Biosphere Reserves Aggtelek, Babia Góra and Šumava Online http://www.tourism4nature.org/results/backdocs/Criteria%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.pdf | ||
*GEO Group (2002). Reference area NP ŠUMAVA (CZ/G). Online http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm | *GEO Group (2002). Reference area NP ŠUMAVA (CZ/G). Online http://www.geo-praha.cz/ic.htm | ||
*Humlíčková, P. (2008) Jaké jsou limity soudní ochrany v Čechách? Sborník mezinárodní konference, Zelený kruh, Praha. ISBN: 978-80-903968-2-1, str. 4-5. Online http://www.zelenykruh.cz/ | *Humlíčková, P. (2008) Jaké jsou limity soudní ochrany v Čechách? Sborník mezinárodní konference, Zelený kruh, Praha. ISBN: 978-80-903968-2-1, str. 4-5. Online http://www.zelenykruh.cz/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sbornik-limity-soudni-ochrany_web.pdf | ||
*Information server ŠumavaNet.CZ Microregion Šumava West. Online available from http://www.sumavanet.cz/mszapad/turistika.asp?lng=en | *Information server ŠumavaNet.CZ Microregion Šumava West. Online available from http://www.sumavanet.cz/mszapad/turistika.asp?lng=en | ||
*Johnstone, Ch. (2014). Radio Praha, Broadcast in English. Wilderness trumps insensitive development of Šumava says study. Online http://www.radio.cz/en/section/marketplace/wilderness-trumps-insensitive-development-of-sumava-says-study | *Johnstone, Ch. (2014). Radio Praha, Broadcast in English. Wilderness trumps insensitive development of Šumava says study. Online http://www.radio.cz/en/section/marketplace/wilderness-trumps-insensitive-development-of-sumava-says-study | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | |||
*Bartoš M., Kušová D., Těšitel J. 1998. Integrated endogenous regional development concept and the role of Šumava National Park. Silva Gabreta 2: 385–394. | *Bartoš M., Kušová D., Těšitel J. 1998. Integrated endogenous regional development concept and the role of Šumava National Park. Silva Gabreta 2: 385–394. | ||
*Čihař M. 1996. Rekreačně-turistická exploatace centrální části Národního parku Šumava. Silva Gabreta 1: 271–280. | *Čihař M. 1996. Rekreačně-turistická exploatace centrální části Národního parku Šumava. Silva Gabreta 1: 271–280. | ||
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*Zemek F., Heřman M. 1996. Remote sensing and GIS in the Šumava region research and management. Silva Gabreta 1: 281–284. | *Zemek F., Heřman M. 1996. Remote sensing and GIS in the Šumava region research and management. Silva Gabreta 1: 281–284. | ||
*Zemek F., Heřman M. 1998. Landscape pattern changes in the Šumava Region – a GIS approach. Silva Gabreta 2: 395–410. | *Zemek F., Heřman M. 1998. Landscape pattern changes in the Šumava Region – a GIS approach. Silva Gabreta 2: 395–410. | ||
{{Iceland}} | |||
[[Category:Sustainable tourism in Šumava national park]] | |||
[[Category:Case studies]] | |||