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From our own experience, Czech historical mining towns preserve the glory of a bygone era with traditional celebrations, mining museums and overall presentations (such as in Příbram or Kutná Hora). Conversely, towns with a young mining history are rather ashamed of their history and public opinion changes very slowly. On one side, destroyed regions are recultivated at great cost so that the mining companies compensate for the damage of nature resources <ref>http://www.cbks.cz/sbornikRackova03/sections/common/Vrablikova.pdf</ref>. The recultivation of landscape has given rise to lakes, race courses or new green spaces. Even though mining companies during recultivation pay attention to diversity <ref>http://www.suas.cz/uploads/110170487247b2c8037de4b_07162_brozura_eko_su_mail.pdf</ref>, there are areas without a functional ecosystem, the water ecosystem is still insufficiently restored and there is unused land due to the bad economic situation of region. <ref>http://fzp.ujep.cz/projekty/wd-44-07-1/dokumenty/aktivity/WD-44-07-1_A413.pdf</ref> What wasn't involved in the effort and which was highlighted by Mr. Tiffner was the social aspect and belonging. <ref>http://fzp.ujep.cz/projekty/wd-44-07-1/dokumenty/KNIHA_Revitalizace_II_cast.pdf</ref> The industry in the region is mostly oriented toward mining, situated in centers, and middle and small-scale enterprises are missing. In comparison with Eisenerz's population, there are fewer middle aged people and education is neglected (high rate of uneducated or people with basic education only). What is well known is the fact that there is higher criminality in the region. <ref>http://fzp.ujep.cz/projekty/wd-44-07-1/dokumenty/aktivity/WD-44-07-1_A413.pdf</ref> | From our own experience, Czech historical mining towns preserve the glory of a bygone era with traditional celebrations, mining museums and overall presentations (such as in Příbram or Kutná Hora). Conversely, towns with a young mining history are rather ashamed of their history and public opinion changes very slowly. On one side, destroyed regions are recultivated at great cost so that the mining companies compensate for the damage of nature resources <ref>http://www.cbks.cz/sbornikRackova03/sections/common/Vrablikova.pdf</ref>. The recultivation of landscape has given rise to lakes, race courses or new green spaces. Even though mining companies during recultivation pay attention to diversity <ref>http://www.suas.cz/uploads/110170487247b2c8037de4b_07162_brozura_eko_su_mail.pdf</ref>, there are areas without a functional ecosystem, the water ecosystem is still insufficiently restored and there is unused land due to the bad economic situation of region. <ref>http://fzp.ujep.cz/projekty/wd-44-07-1/dokumenty/aktivity/WD-44-07-1_A413.pdf</ref> What wasn't involved in the effort and which was highlighted by Mr. Tiffner was the social aspect and belonging. <ref>http://fzp.ujep.cz/projekty/wd-44-07-1/dokumenty/KNIHA_Revitalizace_II_cast.pdf</ref> The industry in the region is mostly oriented toward mining, situated in centers, and middle and small-scale enterprises are missing. In comparison with Eisenerz's population, there are fewer middle aged people and education is neglected (high rate of uneducated or people with basic education only). What is well known is the fact that there is higher criminality in the region. <ref>http://fzp.ujep.cz/projekty/wd-44-07-1/dokumenty/aktivity/WD-44-07-1_A413.pdf</ref> | ||
These days the debate about the mining limits is a hot topic – there are two reasons why the whole of the Czech Republic is interested in the limits on mining. At the end of the August the Chamber of Deputies dissolved itself because the deputies voted against the Government in a confidence motion <ref>http://www.psp.cz/sqw/cms.sqw?z=5827</ref>. A date for new elections was also set: 25th – 26th October 2013. So we can definitely see the fight between the left wing and the right wing for the voters. The left wing - mostly represented in the Czech Republic by the | These days the debate about the mining limits is a hot topic – there are two reasons why the whole of the Czech Republic is interested in the limits on mining. At the end of the August the Chamber of Deputies dissolved itself because the deputies voted against the Government in a confidence motion <ref>http://www.psp.cz/sqw/cms.sqw?z=5827</ref>. A date for new elections was also set: 25th – 26th October 2013. So we can definitely see the fight between the left wing and the right wing for the voters. The left wing - mostly represented in the Czech Republic by the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and the Czech Social Democratic Party - is trying to gain new voters by promising greater social security. One of these is higher employment. If mining in Northern Bohemia stops, the number of unemployed will visibly rise. | ||
The situation in Northern Bohemia is enshrined in legislation by the “Territorial limits of the mining of the brown coal in Northern Bohemia” which were adopted in 1991 <ref>http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Azemn%C3%AD_limity_t%C4%9B%C5%BEby_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9ho_uhl%C3%AD_v_severn%C3%ADch_%C4%8Cech%C3%A1ch</ref>. Now, the whole discussion about “breaking the limits” is also influenced by the situation in Northern Moravia, where the “Paskov” black coal mine is slated to close in 2014. In fact, changing the limits could be achieved by the newly elected government, but academics have already published an opinion that breaking the limits is not necessary and the social situation could be resolved by supporting other types of business that do not damage the environment, as well as human health <ref>http://usti.idnes.cz/neprolamujte-limity-0rp-/usti-zpravy.aspx?c=A130926_1981700_usti-zpravy_hrk</ref>. | The situation in Northern Bohemia is enshrined in legislation by the “Territorial limits of the mining of the brown coal in Northern Bohemia” which were adopted in 1991 <ref>http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Azemn%C3%AD_limity_t%C4%9B%C5%BEby_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%A9ho_uhl%C3%AD_v_severn%C3%ADch_%C4%8Cech%C3%A1ch</ref>. Now, the whole discussion about “breaking the limits” is also influenced by the situation in Northern Moravia, where the “Paskov” black coal mine is slated to close in 2014. In fact, changing the limits could be achieved by the newly elected government, but academics have already published an opinion that breaking the limits is not necessary and the social situation could be resolved by supporting other types of business that do not damage the environment, as well as human health <ref>http://usti.idnes.cz/neprolamujte-limity-0rp-/usti-zpravy.aspx?c=A130926_1981700_usti-zpravy_hrk</ref>. | ||
In connection with mining is always the question arises and it is: how to effectively restore territory,which was damaged by the mining? Since 1992, the mining companies in the Czech republic are obliged to restore place, which are mined by them. This proces is called restoration. How does it work? Even before restoration work must be clear, how the landscape will be used in the future. It is usually decided in collaboration with planning, municipalities, public authorities, but also with the general public precisely by the legal procedure. Most of the restoration projects has two main phases: | |||
1) In the first (technical) part, it is necessary to remove the damaged remains of the greenery and the top layer of soil. Greenery will be returned after completion of shaping the landscape. It is also necessary to solve the question of effective drainage of the area and utilities. | |||
2) The second (biological) part then includes the returning of the green. | |||
But there are scientist, who claimed that restoration in many cases damage the environment even further, so the result is the opposite. <ref>http://www.bc.cas.cz/zajimavosti.php?vedci-rekultivace-lomu-casto-poskozuji-prirodu</ref>. So where is the truth? In fact the problem is that although there is a law for mining companies that they have to restore the mined place, there isn't any law which would say that the mining company have to choose the most efficient restoration. So most of the companies choose the cheapest way, which isn't usually the best one. This leads to cases, in which is the enviroment being damaged even more. The successful restoration means a deep research of the place, which needs to be restored, in which will be involved experts from various fields. And then rational decisions about how best to restore the landscape with regards to the future development of the region (not only ecological but also economic and social). And that is the main problem of the Czech republic | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||