The leading powers in the globalisation
5. Is it impossible to create fair prices worldwide? Or are the institutions just not willing to change the status quo? If so, is the European Parliament willing and ready to engage? Do you have examples from your work in the EU parliament?
10. Who do you think decides role allocation in this process of globalisation? Do you think some societies hold the main power in their hands or do you think every society has the power to take its place in the process of globalisaton? What possibilities do the countries without strong financial, energy resources have to become competitive?
Answer by Jana Hybášková:
The leading powers are the most competitive. Countries able to dominate markets, dominate globalization. Key factor is price. Country able to compete with price dominates market. China dominates goods market offering the most competitive price. Countries able to offer the biggest quantity of oil for competitive price dominate market. USA offers competitive price of its currency, Brazil dominates sugar and beef markets. EU dominates most of agricultural markets, since the final price is the result of costs and subsidies.
Labor cost, environmental cost, energy cost, transportation cost, financial cost as well as direct and indirect expenditures, real cost and external cost, taxation, subsidy play the role.
Global free market can only exist, if we are able to set up equal world price. If in Europe we harm our production by inclusion of environmental cost, we can never be competitive in paper production, in production of steel, iron, glass. If environmental damage caused by liquidation of tropical forest is not part of the price of Brazilian sugar, we can not be competitive. As much as US open its market by low price of dollar, we can not compete with Euro. As much as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are able to produce crude oil for less than 20 USD per barrel, no one can compete. Island became important manufacturer of aluminum, since energy costs almost nothing, the very same holds true for Qatar.
Some production needs high technology. Without value added by high technology, the production does not exist. Currently, of Europe’s competitiveness relates to its intellectual property.
To influence world trade to make it more just and equal, we can only push for some clear rules: external costs should be part of price. Price of environment, environmental damage should be accounted. Price of energy should be part of final prize. Social and health costs should be part of labor cost. Resources exploitation – water, soil, coal, minerals, raw materials, should form part of cost. Subsidizing should be part of the cost…
CAP is clear example of wrong management of EU resources. Instead of subsidizing technological development, research and science, the source of intellectual property, we subsidize wine, apples, and olives. Chinese market goods do not take in regard import tax, intellectual property, ILO labor standards, creates damage to EU production. African exploitation of its raw material, as much as Brazilian and Java damage to their rain forests is not part of the price of exported sugar.
World trade management should go in direction of global accountability and transparency. Protection of environment, intellectual property protection, energy responsibility, respect for labor rights are world rules, which can guarantee for better future thru globalization.
EP is for instance responsible for African Caribbean Pacific – EU relations. All the process of ACP trade agreements came to new stage with EPA – European Partnership Agreements. EPA negotiations lasted for years and gained a lot of criticism. Europe should stand for partner, not for protector of its own market. It is not, what usually happens.
European Parliament should protect EU consumer health. The ability to limit unhealthy imports from China is not very high. European powers need access to China market. They are not willing to allow for limitation of Chinese imports to EU, because they will be harmed in their access to Chinese market.
EU agricultural policy crosses all good intentions in world food market. There is not enough political will of EU leaders to limit their popularity vis á vis their rural constituency.
EU should itself first stick to clear and transparent rules in environmental protection, labor force rights, intellectual property protection, state subsidizing, competition policy. Doing so, we would be able to counter negative globalization pressure.